{"id":6431,"date":"2024-04-26T08:13:47","date_gmt":"2024-04-26T08:13:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/luan.webrt.net\/giatkholahoihanoi\/?p=6431"},"modified":"2024-04-27T02:16:22","modified_gmt":"2024-04-27T02:16:22","slug":"khai-niem-va-lich-su-giat-kho-la-hoi-dich-vu-giat-la-ha-noi-uy-tin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/giatla.vinastar.info\/?p=6431","title":{"rendered":"KH\u00c1I NI\u1ec6M V\u00c0 L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec GI\u1eb6T KH\u00d4 L\u00c0 H\u01a0I | D\u1ecaCH V\u1ee4 GI\u1eb6T L\u00c0 H\u00c0 N\u1ed8I UY T\u00cdN"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kh\u00e1i Ni\u1ec7m Gi\u1eb7t Kh\u00f4<\/strong><\/h2>\n

D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4<\/a><\/span><\/strong>\u00a0l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch cho qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o v\u00e0 d\u1ec7t may s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t dung m\u00f4i kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c dung m\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene), trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cperc\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cPERC\u201d. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i tinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y s\u1ea5y m\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o; n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf r\u1eeda tay lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Ra \u0110\u1eddi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng amoniac (c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda togas len c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Fullonicae l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, v\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 danh nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong huy\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng gi\u1eb7t l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt trang tr\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc n\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1eb1m \u1edf nh\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn m\u00e0 c\u00e1c guild \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a c\u1eed tri l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf thu n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 gi\u1eb7t l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/a> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c dung m\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ebft b\u1ea9n t\u1eeb qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c dung m\u00f4i d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf nh\u01b0 x\u0103ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u h\u1ecfa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p s\u1edf h\u1eefu thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh Jean Baptiste Jolly, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng kh\u0103n tr\u1ea3i b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a anh tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed5 d\u1ea7u h\u1ecfa v\u00e0o n\u00f3. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cNettoyage \u00e0 gi\u00e2y\u201d -ie, gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y d\u1eabn William Joseph Stoddard, m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p kh\u00f4 t\u1eeb Atlanta, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Stoddard dung m\u00f4i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thay th\u1ebf h\u01a1i \u00edt dung m\u00f4i d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y cho x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c dung m\u00f4i d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec7m gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4. Sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn I, ti\u1ec7m gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dung m\u00f4i clo. C\u00e1c dung m\u00f4i d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y l\u00e0 \u00edt h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi dung m\u00f4i d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0nh C\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p Gi\u1eb7t Kh\u00f4<\/h2>\n

V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene), ho\u1eb7c \u201cperc\u201d cho ng\u1eafn, l\u00e0 dung m\u00f4i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u1ec5 b\u1eaft ch\u00e1y, v\u00e0 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m may m\u1eb7c. Perc, tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban An to\u00e0n S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m Ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng (ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb thu h\u1ed3i). N\u0103m 1993, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed California \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng perc gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4; C\u00f9ng n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, C\u01a1 quan B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Hoa K\u1ef3 (EPA) theo. EPA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2006 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4 l\u00e0 h\u01a1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4<\/a> \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thay th\u1ebf perc v\u1edbi h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \/ ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2006 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2011, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 $ 7,5 t\u1ef7 USD, 22.000 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng 150.000 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i $ 330,000 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng Ngh\u1ec7 Gi\u1eb7t Kh\u00f4<\/h3>\n

Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u1eadp trung; c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao \u2018nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng may m\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng, n\u01a1i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do nguy c\u01a1 ch\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3i nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch. T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, s\u00e2n bay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong hai kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i; kh\u00f3i v\u00e0 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i kh\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t ra ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m s\u1ea5y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t perc b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t v\u00e0o kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u dung m\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111ang k\u00e8m theo \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f3i dung m\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i v\u00e0o kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Trong m\u00e1y k\u00e8m theo, dung m\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 c\u1ea5t, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch t\u1ea3i th\u00eam ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd an to\u00e0n. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i k\u00e8m theo c\u0169ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t perc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a perc kh\u00f3i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh khi m\u1edf c\u1eeda v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i chu k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

X\u1eed L\u00fd Gi\u1eb7t Kh\u00f4<\/strong><\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4 l\u00e0 h\u01a1i<\/span><\/a> l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea5y qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o. H\u00e0ng may m\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong bu\u1ed3ng r\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c khai th\u00e1c (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cr\u1ed5\u201d hay \u201ctr\u1ed1ng\u201d), t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y. Bu\u1ed3ng r\u1eeda ch\u1ee9a ngang, tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7 m\u00e0 quay trong m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp v\u1ecf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. V\u1ecf ch\u1ee9a dung m\u00f4i trong khi tr\u1ed1ng quay gi\u1eef t\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng may m\u1eb7c. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ecf l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 40 kg (20 \u0111\u1ebfn 80 lb).<\/p>\n

Trong chu k\u1ef3 gi\u1eb7t, ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 dung m\u00f4i v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xoay, k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 dung m\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c 30 \u0111\u1ed9 C (86 \u0111\u1ed9 F), nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng n\u00f3. Trong su\u1ed1t chu tr\u00ecnh r\u1eeda, dung m\u00f4i trong bu\u1ed3ng (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1ed3ng\u201d hay \u201cgi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u1ed9p\u201d) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed3ng l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o \u201cl\u1ed3ng\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian r\u1eeda. C\u00e1c dung m\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ra v\u00e0 g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5. C\u00e1c dung m\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch n\u01a1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi dung m\u00f4i v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u201cdung m\u00f4i l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch\u201d h\u1ed3. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 8 l\u00edt dung m\u00f4i cho m\u1ed7i kg s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m may m\u1eb7c m\u1ed7i ph\u00fat, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0ng may m\u1eb7c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 b\u00fat nh\u1ef1a s\u1ebd h\u00f2a tan trong b\u1ed3n t\u1eafm dung m\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng d\u1ec7t may kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo\u201d (m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ednh), v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed5 thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ng\u00e2m dung m\u00f4i. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng d\u1ec7t nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0u. C\u00e1c dung m\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o. H\u00e0ng may m\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u1ed1c v\u00edt. Nhi\u1ec1u \u1ed1c v\u00edt trang tr\u00ed ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c dung m\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf v\u00e0 restitched sau khi l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec7m nh\u1ecf. C\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kh\u0103n tr\u1ea3i gi\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea3m tasseled ho\u1eb7c treo, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t t\u00fai l\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a perchloroethylene l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 1,7 g \/ cm 3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng (n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc 70%), v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 dung m\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra d\u1ec7t may th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong l\u1ef1c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng trong chu k\u1ef3 khai th\u00e1c, tr\u1eeb khi t\u00fai l\u01b0\u1edbi cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ebft b\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4\u00a0l\u00e0 h\u01a1i<\/a><\/span>. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c dung m\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed1m-\u0111\u00f4i khi m\u00e1y bay ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ng\u00e2m trong v\u1ebft-lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m may m\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4. Ngo\u00e0i ra, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m may m\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea9n m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u. S\u1ee3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 len, b\u00f4ng, l\u1ee5a v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n gian d\u00e0i v\u00ec ch\u00fang h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n trong k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/p>\n

\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

M\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

M\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 gi\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 8-15 ph\u00fat t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng may m\u1eb7c v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea9n. Trong ba ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea5t dung m\u00f4i h\u00f2a tan h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0o perchloroethylene v\u00e0 l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo, \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a tan \u0111i ra. Ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t 10-12 ph\u00fat sau khi \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1ed1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i t\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a tan tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng may m\u1eb7c. M\u00e1y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dung m\u00f4i hydrocarbon \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 r\u1eeda \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 25 ph\u00fat v\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u solvation \u0111\u1ea5t dung m\u00f4i h\u00f2a tan. M\u1ed9t gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u201cx\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng\u201d c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i chu k\u1ef3 gi\u1eb7t, m\u00e1y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea3i may l\u00e0 r\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng dung m\u00f4i c\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a dung m\u00f4i tinh khi\u1ebft. R\u1eeda dung m\u00f4i tinh khi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o t\u1eeb \u201cb\u1ea9n\u201d l\u00e0m dung m\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Sau chu k\u1ef3 x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e1y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 thu h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dung m\u00f4i. M\u00e1y m\u00f3c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kho\u1ea3ng 99,99% c\u1ee7a dung m\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Chu k\u1ef3 khai th\u00e1c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00e1o c\u00e1c dung m\u00f4i t\u1eeb bu\u1ed3ng r\u1eeda v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c gi\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 350-450 rpm, g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u dung m\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 quay mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a v\u1ea3i. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 dung m\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4. Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 dung m\u00f4i h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra, m\u00e1y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chu tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 Tr\u00ecnh Ho\u00e0n Th\u00e0nh<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Trong su\u1ed1t chu tr\u00ecnh gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4 l\u00e0 h\u01a1i<\/a><\/span>, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m may m\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m trong m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed \u1ea5m (60-63 \u00b0 C \/ 140-145 \u00b0 F) lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n qua gi\u1ecf, b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a dung m\u00f4i tr\u00e1i sau khi chu k\u1ef3 quay. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m may m\u1eb7c. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea5m \u00e1p ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh n\u01a1i h\u01a1i dung m\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u1ec3 dung m\u00f4i c\u1ea5t. M\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e9p k\u00edn, trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e2m n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1i tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu h\u1ed3i dung m\u00f4i cao v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn perchloroethylene \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i v\u00e0o kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Sau khi chu k\u1ef3 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, kh\u1eed m\u00f9i (kh\u00ed) chu k\u1ef3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t h\u00e0ng may m\u1eb7c v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a dung m\u00f4i, b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u00e1t m\u1ebb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean h\u00e0ng may m\u1eb7c v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i h\u01a1i l\u00e0m t\u1eeb nh\u1ef1a polymer carbon v\u00e0 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t. Sau chu k\u1ef3 kh\u00ed, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m may m\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecba Ch\u1ec9 Gi\u1eb7t L\u00e0 Uy T\u00edn<\/h2>\n

Giatkholahoihanoi.com<\/a><\/strong><\/span> l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb gi\u1eb7t l\u00e0 uy t\u00edn<\/strong> ,ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1eb7t l\u00e0 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn , m\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t. Gi\u1eb7t Kh\u00f4 L\u00e0 H\u01a1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb9p, m\u1eb7c s\u1ea1ch. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n